Welsh A1
CEFR A1 · Beginner
At A1 you learn the present tense of 'bod' - dw i, rwyt ti, mae e, dyn ni - and discover that every other verb hangs off it: 'Dw i'n dysgu Cymraeg' uses the dictionary-form verb-noun, so there is no conjugation table to memorise yet. You meet the first mutations where they matter most (fy nhad, dy gar, dau gi), see that nouns stay singular after numbers, ask for things with 'Ga i...?', and pick up the days, the numbers, food and family words, and greetings from 'bore da' to 'hwyl' - all in Welsh's verb-first word order.
118 words · 3 units · 12 grammar points
What you learn at Welsh A1
Greetings & introductions
Say hello, give your name, ask someone else's, and where they're from.
- Greet at different times of day
- Say goodbye politely
- Introduce yourself by name
- Use 'fy enw i yw' and ' ___ ydw i'
- Ask formally and informally
- Use 'a thithau?' / 'a chithau?'
- Say where you're from with 'dwi'n dod o'
- Ask 'where are you from?'
Numbers, days, time
Count, talk about days and months, give the time, and handle numbers in real situations.
- Count 0-10
- Use numbers for quantities (decimal system)
- Use the modern decimal numbers up to 100
- Give your age and phone number
- Name the days and months
- Say what day it is
- Ask and give the time
- Use 'faint o'r gloch yw hi?'
Food & ordering
Order at a café or restaurant, ask for the bill, and talk about basic food and drink.
- Name common drinks
- Order a drink politely
- Name common foods
- Say what you want to eat
- Read a menu
- Ask the waiter for things
- Ask for the bill
- Ask for items by quantity
A1 grammar points
- Present tense of 'bod' (to be)
- Word order: the verb comes first
- Asking a question
- Saying where you are from: o + soft mutation
- Nouns stay singular after numbers
- Two genders, and what follows "y"
- Days and months
- Saying no: ddim
- Asking for things with 'Ga i...?'
- The soft mutation
- Saying you have something
- This and that, and asking the price
Welsh A1 vocabulary
The first 40 of 118, in frequency order.
| Welsh | English | Example |
|---|---|---|
| y | the (before a consonant) | y ci |
| yr | the (before a vowel or h) | yr afal |
| 'r | the (after a vowel) | i'r dref |
| fi | I, me | Fi sy'n coginio heno. |
| ti | you (informal sg.) | Sut wyt ti? |
| fe | he (S. Wales; ef in N. Wales / literary) | Mae fe'n gweithio. |
| hi | she, it (f.) | Mae hi'n braf heddiw. |
| ni | we, us | Dyn ni'n byw yng Nghymru. |
| chi | you (formal or pl.) | Sut dych chi? |
| nhw | they, them | Maen nhw'n dod heno. |
| fy | my (triggers nasal mutation) | fy nhad (tad → nhad) |
| dy | your (sg., triggers soft mutation) | dy gar (car → gar) |
| ei (m.) | his (triggers soft mutation) | ei gar e (car → gar) |
| ei (f.) | her (triggers aspirate mutation) | ei char hi (car → char) |
| ein | our (no mutation) | Mae ein tŷ ni yn fach. |
| eich | your (pl. / formal; no mutation) | Mae eich plant chi yn yr ysgol. |
| eu | their (no mutation) | Mae eu ci nhw yn fawr. |
| bod | to be | Dwi'n hapus bod yma. |
| mynd | to go | Dwi'n mynd i'r gwaith. |
| dod | to come | Mae hi'n dod heno. |
| gwneud | to do, to make | Dwi'n gwneud swper heno. |
| cael | to have, to get | Dwi'n cael coffi bob bore. |
| gweld | to see | Dwi'n gweld y môr. |
| clywed | to hear | Dwi'n clywed cerddoriaeth. |
| bwyta | to eat | Dwi'n bwyta brecwast. |
| yfed | to drink | Mae e'n yfed te. |
| cysgu | to sleep | Dwi'n cysgu'n hwyr ar y penwythnos. |
| gweithio | to work | Dwi'n gweithio mewn swyddfa. |
| byw | to live | Dwi'n byw yng Nghaerdydd. |
| hoffi | to like | Dwi'n hoffi coffi. |
| gallu | to be able to, can | Dwi'n gallu siarad Cymraeg. |
| siarad | to speak, to talk | Dwi'n siarad Cymraeg bob dydd. |
| eisiau | to want | Dwi eisiau bara. |
| dweud | to say, to tell | Dwi'n dweud y gwir. |
| gwybod | to know (a fact) | Dwi'n gwybod yr ateb. |
| adnabod | to know (a person) | Dwi'n adnabod ei brawd. |
| deall | to understand | Dwi ddim yn deall. |
| dysgu | to learn, to teach | Dwi'n dysgu Cymraeg. |
| prynu | to buy | Dwi'n prynu bara. |
| rhoi | to give, to put | Dwi'n rhoi'r llyfr ar y bwrdd. |