Spoken and written Welsh both make a passive with 'cael' (to get) plus a possessive that agrees with the subject, then the verb-noun: 'Cafodd y bont ei hadeiladu' is literally 'the bridge got its building'. The possessive brings its usual mutation - masculine 'ei' softens, feminine 'ei' aspirates and adds h- before a vowel, 'eu' adds h- - and a named agent follows 'gan'.
Examples
- Cafodd y pentref ei daro gan lifogydd.
- The village was hit by floods.
- Mae'r ynys yn cael ei bygwth gan y môr.
- The island is being threatened by the sea.
- Bydd y coed yn cael eu plannu yn y gwanwyn.
- The trees will be planted in the spring.
The mistake to avoid
Forgetting to match the possessive to the subject: a feminine noun needs feminine 'ei' with the aspirate mutation - 'Cafodd y ffatri ei chau', not 'ei gau'.
Where this fits in
Yr amgylchedd a chynaliadwyedd, Welsh B2: Discuss climate change, sustainable living, and transport in towns and cities, using the 'cael' passive.