Hangul has 14 basic consonants: ㄱ (g/k), ㄴ (n), ㄷ (d/t), ㄹ (r/l), ㅁ (m), ㅂ (b/p), ㅅ (s), ㅇ (silent, or ng at the end), ㅈ (j), ㅊ (ch), ㅋ (k), ㅌ (t), ㅍ (p) and ㅎ (h). An extra stroke adds a puff of air: ㄱ becomes ㅋ, ㄷ becomes ㅌ, ㅂ becomes ㅍ, ㅈ becomes ㅊ. Doubled letters - ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ - are tense, with no puff at all.
Examples
- 달, 탈, 딸
- moon, mask, daughter - plain, aspirated, tense: dal, tal, ttal
- 커피
- coffee - English k and f come in as the breathy ㅋ and ㅍ (Korean has no f): keo-pi
- 버스
- bus - English b comes in as the plain ㅂ: beo-seu
The mistake to avoid
The difference between ㅂ and ㅍ is the puff of air, not b against p: say 피자 with a breath and 바나나 without.
Where this fits in
한글: the Korean alphabet, Korean A1: Read Hangul block by block and sound out your first Korean words - many of them borrowed from English.