Doler works backwards from English: the body part is the subject, and a pronoun (me, te, le, nos, les) says who feels it. Use duele for one thing and duelen for more than one, with "the" before the body part.
Examples
- Me duele la cabeza.
- My head hurts.
- Me duelen los pies.
- My feet hurt.
- ¿Te duele mucho la garganta?
- Does your throat hurt a lot?
The mistake to avoid
Never say "Yo duelo mi cabeza" - you are not the one doing the hurting, the head is.
Where this fits in
Body, health & feelings, Spanish A2: Talk about your body, common illnesses, and how you feel. Visit a doctor or pharmacy and describe symptoms.