Irish Gaelic C1
CEFR C1 · Advanced
C1 Irish is about control rather than coverage. You front for emphasis the way a native speaker actually speaks - Is é an rud a chuir isteach orm ná..., Ba é an lá ba mheasa é - move between the formal register of an Coimisinéir Teanga and the intimacy of a Gaeltacht conversation, and hear the differences between Munster, Connacht and Ulster usage without being thrown by them. Idiom carries the weight: níl neart air, ag cur allais, chuaigh sé i bhfeidhm orm, tá an ceann is fearr aige uirthi, and the seanfhocail a writer will assume you know. The vocabulary is that of literature, law and the essay - inchreidteacht, cur i gcéill, cothrom na Féinne, a fhágáil faoi - and the connectives dá réir sin, os a choinne sin and go háirithe let you build an argument rather than a list.
60 words · 3 units · 3 grammar points
What you learn at Irish Gaelic C1
Léiriú agus Caolchúis
Master register, idiomatic expression, and emotional nuance.
- Choose a formal or casual register to match the situation.
- Recognise tone cues that signal how formal an exchange is.
- Understand common Irish proverbs and idioms in context.
- Use figurative expressions to add colour to your speech.
- Name subtle emotions beyond simple happiness or sadness.
- Describe how you feel with nuance and precision.
- Recall vocabulary from earlier lessons without being shown it first
- Prove the unit stuck before moving on
Argóintíocht Loighciúil
Build a logical argument: claims, evidence, counterargument, persuasion.
- State a clear claim and support it with evidence.
- Move logically from a premise to a conclusion.
- Acknowledge an opposing view before countering it.
- Use concessive connectors like 'although' and 'however'.
- Emphasise key points to make a persuasive case.
- Back up your arguments with reasoning and examples.
- Recall vocabulary from earlier lessons without being shown it first
- Prove the unit stuck before moving on
Tuairisciú agus Idirbheartaíocht
Caint daoine eile a thuairisciú leis an bhfad cuí, an réim ghairmiúil a láimhseáil i gcruinnithe agus i moltaí, agus an nuacht a léamh: figiúirí, treochtaí agus foinsí.
- Ráiteas, ceist agus ordú a thuairisciú go hindíreach
- Briathar tuairiscithe a roghnú a iompraíonn dearcadh an chainteora
- Cruinniú a stiúradh agus an focal a iarraidh go foirmiúil
- Agóid agus frithmholadh a chur chun cinn gan éinne a mhaslú
- Mír nuachta a leanúint agus achoimre a dhéanamh ar a maítear inti
- Treocht agus na figiúirí a thacaíonn léi a chur síos
- Recall vocabulary from earlier lessons without being shown it first
- Prove the unit stuck before moving on
C1 grammar points
Irish Gaelic C1 vocabulary
The first 40 of 60, in frequency order.
| Irish Gaelic | English | Example |
|---|---|---|
| an tsintéis | the synthesis; the drawing together of strands (f.) | Is í an tsintéis idir an dá thraidisiún is mó a shaibhríonn an litríocht. |
| an idé-eolaíocht | the ideology (f.); a systematic body of political belief | Tá an idé-eolaíocht sin fite fuaite le cur chuige eacnamaíoch an pháirtí. |
| an feiniméan | the phenomenon (m.); an observed occurrence requiring explanation | Níor míníodh an feiniméan seo go sásúil ag aon staidéar go dtí seo. |
| an paraidím | the paradigm (f.); a governing framework of thought | Tá an paraidím taighde seo á ceistiú ag glúin nua scoláirí. |
| an claonadh | the tendency; the bias, slant (m.) | Léiríonn an claonadh atá sna sonraí go bhfuil an modh taighde lochtach. |
| an tsaintréith | the distinguishing characteristic; the defining trait (f.) | Is í an íoróin an tsaintréith is suntasaí i bprós an údair seo. |
| an ghné | the aspect; the facet, dimension (f.) | Is í an ghné is casta den cheist ná an costas. |
| an dlúthpháirtíocht | the solidarity (f.); common cause with others | Chuir an óráid béim ar an dlúthpháirtíocht idir pobail éagsúla na cathrach. |
| an t-ionracas | the integrity; the uprightness, probity (m.) | Is é an t-ionracas an bhunchloch a mbíonn muinín an phobail tógtha uirthi. |
| an éiginnteacht | the uncertainty; the indeterminacy (f.) | Tá an éiginnteacht eacnamaíoch ag cur isteach go mór ar phleananna infheistíochta. |
| an dlisteanacht | the legitimacy; the lawful validity (f.) | Cuireadh dlisteanacht an toghcháin i gceist tar éis na n-agóidí forleathana. |
| an forlámhas | the dominance; the hegemony, ascendancy (m.) | Tá forlámhas na gcomhlachtaí teicneolaíochta ag cothú imní i measc rialtóirí. |
| an léirmheas | the critique; the (critical) review (m.) | Foilsíodh léirmheas géar ar an úrscéal in iris liteartha na seachtaine seo. |
| an bhraistint | the perception; the sense, feeling (f.) | Tá an bhraistint láidir i measc na vótálaithe gur tréigeadh an ceantar. |
| an ghéarchéim | the crisis; the critical juncture (f.) | Rinne an ghéarchéim pholaitiúil damáiste buan don rialtas. |
| an rannpháirtíocht | the participation; the involvement (f.) | Bhí rannpháirtíocht an phobail sa phróiseas pleanála thar a bheith íseal. |
| an t-athmhachnamh | the rethink; the reconsideration, second reflection (m.) | Tá an t-athmhachnamh ar bheartas oideachais an stáit thar am. |
| an fhulaingt | the suffering; the endurance, forbearance (f.) | Léiríonn an t-úrscéal an fhulaingt a bhí ar dhaoine faoi chos an choilíneachais. |
| an t-aitheantas | the recognition; the acknowledgement of standing (m.) | Níor tháinig an t-aitheantas idirnáisiúnta go dtí i bhfad tar éis bhás an fhile. |
| an coimhthíos | the alienation; the estrangement, aloofness (m.) | Is é an coimhthíos an téama a ritheann trí shaothar an drámadóra. |
| an t-amhras | the doubt; the suspicion (m.) | Níor imigh an t-amhras faoi bhunchloch na hargóinte riamh. |
| an leochaileacht | the vulnerability; the fragility (f.) | Nocht an stoirm leochaileacht an bhonneagair i gceantair iargúlta tuaithe. |
| an chomhbhá | the empathy; the fellow-feeling, sympathy (f.) | Is í an chomhbhá, seachas fuarchúis, a éilíonn tuairisciú ar choinbhleachtaí. |
| an t-ionchas | the prospect; the outlook, expectation (m.) | Tá an t-ionchas eacnamaíoch níos gruama ná mar a bhí anuraidh. |
| an bhuanseasmhacht | the perseverance; the steadfastness (f.) | Ba í an bhuanseasmhacht seachas an tallann a thug chun cinn í. |
| an t-imeallú | the marginalization; the pushing to the periphery (m.) | Pléitear an t-imeallú a rinneadh ar theangacha mionlaigh sa chaibidil dheireanach. |
| cáin | to criticize sharply; to condemn, censure (formal register) | Ná cáin an coiste go dtí go léifidh tú an tuarascáil. |
| séan | to deny; to disavow, repudiate | Ná séan é: bhí tú ar an eolas faoin gcomhaontú. |
| admhaigh | to admit; to acknowledge, concede | Admhaigh go bhfuil bunús éigin leis an gcáineadh. |
| beartaigh | to decide, resolve; to devise, contrive (a plan) | Beartaigh anois, nó beidh an deis caillte. |
| treisigh | to reinforce; to strengthen, bolster (an argument, a case) | Treisigh d'argóint le sonraí ón tuarascáil bhunaidh. |
| maolaigh | to mitigate; to alleviate, soften, temper | Maolaigh ar an gcáineadh go dtí go mbeidh na fíricí ar fad agat. |
| géaraigh | to intensify, escalate; to sharpen | Ná géaraigh an choimhlint le ráitis mar sin. |
| sáraigh | to surpass, exceed; also to violate, breach (a rule) | Ná sáraigh na rialacha, fiú faoi bhrú. |
| bréagnaigh | to refute; to disprove, contradict | Bréagnaigh an argóint sin le fianaise, ní le maslaí. |
| cothaigh | to foster, nurture; to sustain, give rise to | Cothaigh muinín i measc na foirne seachas eagla. |
| díorthaigh | to derive (from); to trace to a source | Díorthaigh na foirmeacha eile ón bhfréamh Laidine chéanna. |
| cuir in iúl | to express; to convey, make known (a view, a feeling) | Cuir in iúl dóibh go láidir nach bhfuil tú sásta. |
| cuir chun cinn | to promote; to advance, further (a cause, a policy) | Cuir chun cinn cearta teanga ag gach leibhéal den eagraíocht. |
| cuir i leith | to attribute to; to accuse (someone) of | Ná cuir i leith an iar-stiúrthóra é gan fianaise. |